Germany is the powerhouse of the European economy,
making German an important language in international business. German-speaking business build cars, fly around the globe, develop
medicines, make delicious food and drinks and transform our digital
lives. It’s time for you to get in on it.
What Is “Business German”?
Let’s get something straight: In order to become fluent in “business German,” you have to
build fluency in regular German first. No one in the office will take you seriously if you don’t
pronounce things properly (for instance).
The problem is that “regular German” classes often focus on everyday encounters at first, with perhaps
some literature
thrown in at the higher levels. It’s useful, and you’ll learn a lot
from this approach, but when it comes time to write your German
Lebenslauf (resume) or attend a German
Vorstellungsgespräch (job interview), neither your ability to order a sandwich nor your knowledge of Goethe is going to get you the job.
This is where you need to go above and beyond what’s covered in
traditional German classes. If you want to speak like a German
businessperson, you’re going to need to learn business German.
How Can You Learn Business German?
If you’re lucky, you might have access to business German classes at
your local college, language school or Goethe Institute. Alternatively,
you can
travel to a German-speaking country, take some business German classes and
immerse yourself in the language and culture before trying to apply for jobs.
However, these opportunities are not realistic for most people. Don’t
despair. It is possible to learn some business German on your own.
Dialog Beruf (Dialogue Career) is a well-known
series of textbooks
that is often used in business German classes. If you are dedicated,
you can use these for self-studying. Sometimes the books cover
industries that may seem obscure or irrelevant to you. If it doesn’t
seem important to your goals or your line of work, skip it! Focus
instead on the more relevant vocabulary, grammar and cultural context
that these books provide.
If you want to set concrete goals for yourself, you can try to take the official WiDaF (
Deutsch als Fremdsprache in der Wirtschaft:
Business German as a Foreign Language) exam. Many employers and schools
will look for documented proof of C1 fluency or higher, and this exam
is a great way to show that you’re not just fluent, you’re business
fluent.
Business German Vocabulary to Impress Your International Office
What are the kinds of information that distinguish business German from general German? Here are some examples:
1. Formal address: Sie, not du
German has two forms of the pronoun “you:” the formal
Sie and the informal
du. In business relationships,
you should always stick to Sie. Often, colleagues and clients will specifically tell you if or when they feel comfortable allowing you to call them
du.
- This declaration might occur when you first meet,
- it might take some
time,
- or it might never happen at all.
Everything depends on your type of
organization and your relationship to the other person.
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2. Applying for the job: Your Bewerbungsbogen (application documents)
Applying for a job with a German company is as easy as sending off a direct translation of your English resume, right? Wrong.
First of all, your resume contains all kinds of cultural information
that might not translate. If you’re from the United States, you probably
went to a high school, not a German
Gymnasium. But are the two
terms close enough for you to use in translation? I think not—the two
institutions are part of two very different education systems. But you
should
“translate” your grades, if you include them on your documents.
A 4.0
GPA sounds great to an American, but to a German, that’s a D average.
Second, a German
Lebenslauf (resume) often contains information
seen as irrelevant or taboo in the states. It’s common to attach a photo and mention your
Familienstand (family status: married or single), age and citizenship status, as well as hobbies.
Finally, the
Lebenslauf is never enough on its own. You need a strong
Bewerbungsschreiben (cover letter) in addition to whatever
Zeugnisse
(certificates) your employer demands. This often involves not only
letters from previous employers, but also academic transcripts ranging
back to high school.
3. Qualifications: Hochschule doesn’t mean “high school”
We’ve already commented on the dangers of trying to translate your qualifications. Here are a few more pitfalls.
In Germany, a
Hochschule is the equivalent of an American college. It differs from a
Universität (university) in that
Unis are usually more research oriented, while
Hochschulen focus on real-world applications and skills. However, both institutions offer bachelor degrees, with some
Hochschulen offering master’s degree coursework as well.
An even further distinction is made for the
trades (
Gewerben), such as construction, cooking and so on. These often involve an
apprenticeship (
Ausbildung)
that replaces both college and the
eleventh and twelfth (or even
thirteenth) grade. Meanwhile,
U.S. associate’s degrees don’t translate
at all, and are generally viewed as equivalent to the top German high
school diploma, the
Abitur.
Confused yet? Your employers might be too. This is why you should not
try to translate the names of your degree and alma mater. Be prepared
to describe your qualifications and competencies during an interview
instead.
4. Letter and email formalities: Sehr geehrte/r, Mit freundlichen Grüßen
You’ve learned
guten Tag and auf Wiedersehen for hello and goodbye. But in a business environment, that is not how you start or end emails. There are other formalities you have to learn.
Typically, the opening line of a formal letter or email is
Sehr geehrte Frau [name] or
Sehr geehrter Herr
[name], literally translating to “most respected Mrs. or Mr.” Pay close
attention to the masculine or feminine adjective ending, and
end the
line with a comma.
The next line, with which you begin the body of the
message, is not capitalized unless it is a proper name, a noun or the
pronoun
Sie.
(Why no capital letter to begin the letter? Because the first sentence typically continues the salutation after this comma. --rsb)
The most common formal ending for emails and letters is
Mit freundlichen Grüßen (with friendly greetings), followed by your signature on the next with
no comma in between.
There are numerous variations on these greetings, some equally
formal, some less so. Feel free to match the tone of whomever wrote to
you first. If they start their email with “
Hallo Frank,” and end it with simply “
Grüße,” you can feel free to write “
Hallo” right back.
5. Telephones: Hier spricht, auf Wiederhören
Similar to the above, formal business calls require language of their
own. It is traditional to begin a phone call by identifying yourself
and your company, often with
hier spricht [name], which means “[name] speaking.”
It’s also inappropriate to say
auf Wiedersehen on the phone.
That greeting literally means “until we see each other again,” but you
don’t see people on the phone. This is why the formal farewell on a
business call is
auf Wiederhören (until we hear each other again).
6. Directness: Kein Blatt vor den Mund nehmen
Germans are
very direct in how they speak, especially when expressing
requests and criticism. It can sometimes seem rude to Anglophone ears,
but then our many “pleases,” subjunctive forms and euphemisms sound
wishy-washy and superficial to Germans.
What do I mean? Instead of saying “I’m afraid the printer must have
run out of paper,” a German is more likely to say “I need some paper.”
Instead of saying, “Your presentation might be improved if you did X,” a
German is more likely to say, “X is better. Do X next time.” When your
boss criticizes you like this, she’s probably not displaying aggression
or disapproval. She’s just getting right to the point with a
constructive suggestion for improvement.
There’s a general saying for this:
Kein Blatt vor den Mund nehmen.
It literally means “not to put a leaf in front of your mouth.”
Figuratively, it means that someone doesn’t hide their words or
intentions. Germans will expect this from you, so you’ll have to get
used to it.
Sound Professional with Business German
Learning business German is just like learning general German, but
with added cultural context and applications. In this regard, it’s
somewhat advanced. You can’t receive a list of twenty words or phrases
and rote memorize them. You have to know what’s appropriate when, so
that you can sound professional.
But just in this one post, we’ve introduced you to twenty different
words and phrases, and that’s a huge start! Review these at your own
pace—maybe you can write an imaginary
Bewerbungsschreiben with
formal greetings and a discussion of your qualifications. You’ll
definitely need to do this one day if you hope to work in a German
office.
You might as well start practicing now!
